Imagine a classroom in which all of the students have the same race, nationality, economic background, and political biases. Cass R. Sunstein once remarked, "The possibility of true education in the classroom filled with everyone agreeing with each other is low." This insight underscores a pivotal role of higher education: bringing together a diversity of students and their perspectives within the classroom. As our university approaches its quadrennial presidential election, students need to advocate for an environment that not only welcomes but thrives on diverse viewpoints.
Representation, rigor, and discursive quality are important aspects of all public discourse. Jurgen Habermas, a pioneer in public sphere theory, emphasizes the importance of inclusivity in the public sphere and rationality in shaping public opinion. Yet many classrooms remain places where students are reluctant to voice differing opinions. There is a noticeable hesitance to speak publicly among Korean students, due to a strong cultural emphasis on consensus, harmony, and deference. This is often driven by the instinct to conform and avoid conflict, a natural inclination among social beings, particularly in Confucian cultures. However, this can limit the educational experience and stifle the exchange of diverse ideas.
For genuine educational growth, an open and inclusive classroom environment, where students feel free to speak, make mistakes, and explore new ideas without fear of judgment, is needed. While this approach may lead to some disorganization or discomfort, it is also a chance to cultivate a truly democratic environment where various types of voices are heard and respected. This is important for preparing students to engage thoughtfully and constructively in broader public discourse.
In today’s digital age, students often turn to online platforms to express opinions that they may not feel comfortable sharing in person. While these platforms offer unprecedented freedom, they also come with their own set of challenges. Habermas has warned that the current digital public sphere often falls short of the ideals of inclusivity, universality, and the pursuit of truth. This tendency is inherent in the shift away from traditional media, whose role as professional gatekeepers is sometimes sorely missed in a world which has not yet achieved sufficient understanding of how to responsibly use new media. As both producers and consumers of information, students need to develop digital literacy skills to navigate and contribute to online discussions responsibly.
Why are diverse opinions so essential? Historically, societal progress has been achieved through diverse and sometimes dissenting opinions. The notion of human equality, for instance, once a radical idea, is now a fundamental social principle. The key is not one groundbreaking opinion but rather a culture of openness and debate. Embracing different perspectives allows us to learn, grow, and make informed decisions, both in the classroom and beyond.
In conclusion, universities must strive to create an environment where diverse opinions are not only welcomed but actively encouraged. Students should advocate for an educational experience that values open discussion, supports digital literacy, and prepares them to engage well in both physical and digital public spheres. By fostering a culture of inclusivity, students can be prepared to contribute to a more informed and dynamic society.
By Jung Da-gyo, Editor-in-Chief